HEADING 90.10 - APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC (INCLUDING CINEMATOGRAPHIC) LABORATORIES (INCLUDING APPARATUS FOR THE PROJECTION OR DRAWING OF CIRCUIT PATTERNS ON SENSITISED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS) NOT SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED ELSEWHERE IN THIS CHAPTER; NEGATOSCOPES; PROJECTION SCREENS.
123 COMMODITIES
9010.10 - Apparatus and equipment for automatically developing photographic (including cinematographic) film or paper in rolls or for automatically exposing developed film to rolls of photographic paper- Apparatus for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials :
9010.41 - -Direct write-on-wafer apparatus
9010.42 - - Step and repeat aligners
9010.49 - -Other
9010.50 - Other apparatus and equipment for photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories; negatoscopes
9010.60 -Projection screens
9010.90 - Parts and accessories
(I) APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC (INCLUDING CINEMATOGRAPHIC) LABORATORIES (INCLUDING APPARATUS FOR THE PROJECTION OR DRAWING OF CIRCUIT PATTERNS ON SENSITISED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS) NOT SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED ELSEWHERE IN THIS CHAPTER
This group includes :
(A) Special film developing tanks. These may be of metal plastics stoneware etc.; they generally incorporate devices such as supporting rods baskets for removing the films from the bath. Certain developing tanks are also used for rinsing fixing and washing films. (B) Special trays (of plastics stainless steel enamelled sheet iron etc.) clearly intended for photographic use but not including articles which may also be used for other purposes (e.g. for general purpose laboratory or hospital use). (C) Tanks for washing negatives including rotary washing apparatus.
(D) Print driers glazers and drier-glazers (single face double face rotary types etc.); drying machines (hand-operated etc.); roller squeegees; polished stainless steel plates and chromium-plated plates clearly designed to be fitted to these articles or used separately.
(E) Printing frames including vacuum printing frames (of metal or of metal and wood) for contact printing; printing machines (for professional or amateur photographers etc.); and illuminated frames without a developer for making exposures only.
(F) Film cutting machines and apparatus of a kind used in photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories. (G) Special holding frames for retouching negatives.
(H) Dry-mounting presses fo r photographic use.(IJ) Specialised machines and apparatus used in cinematographic laboratories such as :
(1) Film developing machines whether or not automatic. (2) Film slitting or cutting machines (e.g. for cutting 35 mm film into two 16 mm films).
(3) Printing machines and cinematographic reducers and enlargers (optical printers).
(4) Optical effects machines.
(5) Sound control units for editing and synchronising sound films. (6) Recording apparatus which reproduces on a paper strip a " slowed down " and enlarged image of the sound track on a film for use in synchronising and dubbing.
(7) Film cleaning machines; machines for treating worn negatives before reprinting; combined cleaning and treatment machines; machines for cleaning negatives.
(8) Waxing machines for depositing a thin coat of wax on both edges of the emulsion-coated side of the film.(9) Joiners (splicers) (hand- or pedal-operated etc.).
(10) Film editing units. These may be fitted with a picture-head and a sound- head. Such apparatus may be used for example to synchronise images with a sound track. Separately presented picture-heads and devices equipped with sound- heads which are used together with frame viewers on synchronisation tables also fall in this heading. However separately presented sound- heads are excluded (heading 85.22).
(11) Machines for numbering copies of films by perforation.
(12) Editing desks for handling films; these are fitted with spool rewinders. Special film re-winders for winding negatives (e.g. after printing); film measurers and footage counters to check the length of films (separately presented counter mechanisms are excluded see heading 90.29).
(13) Film titling apparatus.
(14) Film viewers for editing printed cinematographic film. These viewers may be combined with sound recording or reproducing apparatus.
(K) Film viewers for still images used to examine photographic negatives in photographic laboratories.
(L) Specialised equipment used in reproduction work (not being photo-copying apparatus of heading 90.09) e.g. apparatus for developing specially sensitised paper by the ammonia vapour process.
(M) Apparatus for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials used to manufacture electronic integrated circuits. These apparatus are used to expose circuit patterns onto a sensitised layer which has been applied to the surface of the semiconductor wafer. The following types of apparatus are included :
(1) Apparatus which use a mask or reticle. These apparatus are referred to generally as photolithography apparatus. They all use a mask or reticle on which has been drawn the circuit pattern which is to be reproduced. The mask or reticle is a replica of one layer of the semiconductor device. Depending on its scale and size it might cover a single chip (electronic integrated circuit) a number of chips or all the chips on a wafer. Generally the terms " mask " and " reticle " can be used interchangeably. In these apparatus the sensitised layer which has been applied to the semiconductor wafer is exposed by light (often ultra- violet or deep ultra-violet light) or in some instances X-rays which are passed through the mask or reticle after the mask or reticle has been properly aligned on the underlying patterns. These apparatus include the following types :
(a) Contact printers. In these apparatus the mask is placed in contact with the wafer during exposure.
(b) Proximity aligners. These apparatus are similar to contact printers except that actual contact does not take place between the mask and the wafer. A small gap is maintained between mask and wafer during exposure.
(c) Scanning aligners. These apparatus use an optical projection system to image an illuminated arc from the mask plane onto the wafer plane. A scanning system moves the mask and wafer through the arc to copy the mask pattern onto the sensitised wafer.
(d) Step and repeat aligners. These apparatus use projection techniques to expose the wafer one section at a time. Exposure may be done either by reduction from the reticle to the wafer or 1 : 1.
(2) Direct write-on-wafer apparatus. These apparatus operate with no mask or reticle. They use an automatic data processing (ADP) machine controlled " writing beam " (such as an electron beam (E-beam) ion beam or laser) to draw the circuit design directly on the sensitised layer which has been applied to the surface of the semiconductor wafer after the co-ordinate system of the apparatus has been properly aligned on the underlying patterns of the wafer.
All of these apparatus produce the same end result. That is an exposure pattern which matches the desired circuit pattern and which is produced on a sensitised material which can be developed much as a photographic film is developed.
(II) NEGATOSCOPES
Negatoscopes are used mainly for examining medical radiographs or radiophotographs. They may be of very different types ranging from wall-mounted light boxes to automatic magazine-fed radiograph viewers.
(III) PROJECTION SCREENS
These screens are used in cinemas schools lecture rooms etc. They includeprojection screens for three-dimensional presentation; also portable screens rolled in sheaths or contained in boxes for mounting on tripods on tables or for hanging from the ceiling. They are often made of a fabric coated white silver or with glass grains (microspheres) or of sheets of plastics; these fabrics or sheets are generally perforated. To fall in this heading however they must be clearly identifiable (e.g. by means of hems or rims eyelet-holes).
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
Subject to the provisions of Notes 1 and 2 to this Chapter (see the General Explanatory Note) parts and accessories identifiable as being solely or principally for use with the apparatus and equipment of this heading also fall here.
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This heading also excludes :
(a)Photographic (including cinematographic) studio equipment such as lighting apparatus reflectors spotlights electric lighting lamps and tubes of all kinds sound effect equipment microphone booms scenery etc.; these fall in their respective headings.
(b)Halftone or similar printing screens (headings 37.05 90.01 90.02 etc. as the case may be).
(c)Paper or paperboard cutting machines of all kinds (heading 84.41).
(d)Loudspeakers microphones and audio-frequency electric amplifiers other than those presented with and forming an integral part of any of the instruments of this heading (heading 85.18).
(e)Cameras for recording documents on microfilm microfiche or other microforms (heading 90.06).
(f)X-ray fluorescent and intensifying screens (heading 90.22).
(g)Exposure calculating discs and rulers (heading 90.17); exposure meters photometers densitometers colour temperature meters (heading 90.27).
(h)Hand-operated stamps for numbering prints (heading 96.11).
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