HEADING 85.14 - INDUSTRIAL OR LABORATORY ELECTRIC (INCLUDING INDUCTION ORDIELECTRIC) FURNACES AND OVENS; OTHER INDUSTRIAL OR LABORATORY INDUCTION OR DIELECTRIC HEATING EQUIPMENT.
46 COMMODITIES
8514.10 - Resistance heated furnaces and ovens
8514.20 - Induction or dielectric furnaces and ovens
8514.30 - Other furnaces and ovens
8514.40 - Other induction or dielectric heating equipment
8514.90 - Parts
This heading covers a number of industrial or laboratory type electro-thermicmachines apparatus and appliances in which the heat is obtained electrically (e.g. by the heating effect of a current in a conductor; from an electric arc; or by induction currents or dielectric hysteresis). The heading excludes electro-thermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes (heading 85.16).
(I) INDUSTRIAL OR LABORATORY ELECTRIC (INCLUDING INDUCTION OR DIELECTRIC) FURNACES AND OVENS
Electric furnaces and ovens consist essentially of a more or less closed space or vessel in which a relatively high temperature is obtained. They are used for many purposes (melting annealing tempering welding heat treatment of welds etc.). The principal types include retort furnaces bell-type furnaces trough furnaces crucible furnaces tunnel furnaces etc. Some of these furnaces may have special tilting attachments or be provided with an inner vessel for the treatment of metals in a particular gas to prevent oxidation.The furnaces and ovens covered by this group include inter alia :
(A) Resistance heated furnaces and ovens in which the heat is produced by the passage of a current through heating resistors.
(B) Low frequency induction furnaces. Low frequency AC in a primary coil is linked magnetically by a soft iron core with the charge to be heated and induces current in that charge thus causing it to be heated. In certain furnaces of this type the molten charge circulates from the main crucible through vertical looped piping in which the heating currents are induced from the primary circuit.
(C) High frequency induction furnaces. An AC of high frequency (often of radio frequency) in the primary coil induces eddy currents in the charge to be heated.This type of furnace has no iron core.
(D) Dielectric capacitance furnaces. The charge which must be electrically non- conducting is placed between two metal plates connected to a source of AC. In effect the arrangement operates as a capacitor and dielectric hysteresis in the charge causes heat to be developed within it.
(E) Resistance furnaces for heating bars f metal or granular materials. These consist of a container in which current is passed through the material itself; the electrical resistance of the material produces the necessary heat.
(F) Liquid resistance furnaces consisting of baths furnished with electrodes. In operation the bath contains molten metal molten salts or special oil maintained at the required temperature by the passage of electricity via the electrodes through the liquid; the object is heated by being plunged in the bath of liquid.
(G) Arc furnaces in which the heat is generated by an electric arc struck betweenelectrodes or between an electrode and the charge to be heated. These furnaces are used for the production of pig iron various ferro-alloys calcium carbide for reducing iron ore for the fixation of nitrogen from the air etc. Certain low temperature arc furnaces are also used for distilling materials of relatively low boiling point (e.g. zinc or phosphorus); if however they are equipped with condensers to collect the distillate the whole is excluded (heading 84.19).
(H) Infra-red radiation ovens heated by a number of infra-red lamps or radiation plates. Certain furnaces or ovens combine two methods of heating (e.g. a combination of high and low frequency induction for melting metals; infra-red and high frequency biscuit baking ovens).
The furnaces and ovens described in this heading include inter alia :
(1) Ovens for bread pastry or biscuit making.
(2) Dental ovens.
(3) Crematorium furnaces.
(4) Furnaces for incinerating waste.
This heading excludes electrically heated apparatus for drying sterilising or similar operations (heading 84.19).
(II) OTHER INDUSTRIAL OR LABORATORY INDUCTION OR DIELECTRIC HEATING EQUIPMENT
The heading also includes electric induction or dielectric heating equipment even ifnot in the form of a furnace or oven. This equipment (used mainly for the heat treatment of small articles) consists essentially of electrical equipment for producing high- frequency oscillations mounted together with the appropriate plates or coils often of special design for the particular articles to be treated.
These include inter alia :
(1) Machines with induction coils for heating by induction objects made up of materials which are good conductors of electricity by means of low medium or high-frequency power (e.g. machines used for superficial hardening of crankshafts cylinders cog wheels or other metal parts; machines for melting sintering annealing tempering or preheating metal parts).
(2) Machines with electrodes serving as a capacitor (e.g. in the form of plates bars) for dielectric (capacitive) heating of objects made up of materials which are non- conductors or bad conductors of electricity by means of high frequency power (e.g. wood-drying machines; machines for preheating thermohardenable moulding materials in the form of pellets or powder etc.). Some special types of equipment are designed for the progressive heat-treatment of a bar passed through the coil or for the repetitive treatment of a series of articles. otary converters and high-frequency generators when presented together with heat- treatment equipment are also classified in this heading. When presented separately they fall in heading 85.02 or 85.43 as the case may be. However machines for induction treatment used for soldering or brazing metals and machines for heat-treatment by dielectric loss used for welding plastics or other materials (e.g. high-frequency pressing machines for welding and high- frequency line welding machines) fall in heading 85.15. Presses incorporating heating devices are also excluded (CHAPTER84).
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This heading also covers furnaces and other appliances specially designed for the separation by pyrometallurgical processes of irradiated nuclear fuels appliances for the treatment of radioactive waste (e.g. for the firing of clays or glass containing radioactive residues or for the combustion of graphite or radioactive filters) or those for the sintering or heat-treatment of fissile material recovered for recycling. However appliances for isotopic separation are classified in heading 84.01.
PARTS
Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Explanatory Note to Section XVI) parts of the goods of this heading are also classified here (e.g. armatures doors inspection holes panels and domes electrode holders and metal electrodes).
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However the heading also excludes :
(a)Bricks blocks and similar refractory or ceramic goods for the construction or lining of electric furnaces (CHAPTER69).
(b)Electric heating resistors (heading 85.16 or 85.45 as the case may be).
(c)Electrodes of graphite or other carbon with or without metal (heading 85.45).
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