HEADING 84.39 - MACHINERY FOR MAKING PULP OF FIBROUS CELLULOSIC MATERIAL OR FOR MAKING OR FINISHING PAPER OR PAPERBOARD.
118 COMMODITIES
8439.10 - Machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material
8439.20 - Machinery for making paper or paperboard
8439.30 - Machinery for finishing paper or paperboard
- Parts :
8439.91 - - Of machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic
material
8439.99 - - Other
This heading covers machinery for making fibrous cellulosic pulp from various
cellulosic materials (wood esparto grass straw rags old rope waste paper etc.)
whether the pulp is for paper or paperboard making or for other purposes (e.g. for the
manufacture of viscose rayon certain building boards or explosives). It also covers
machinery for making paper or paperboard whether from previously prepared pulp
(e.g. mechanical or chemical wood pulp) or directly from the raw materials (esparto rags waste paper etc.). The heading also covers machines for finishing the paper or
paperboard ready for its various uses other than the printing machines of heading
(I) MACHINERY FOR MAKING PULP OF FIBROUS CELLULOSIC MATERIAL
This group includes :
(A) Machines for the preliminary treatment of the raw materials in the process
of pulp making e.g. :
(1) Rag cutters.
(2) Rag dusters.
(3) Rag washers and breakers. In these the rags circulate in water and are
beaten by a bladed wheel.
(4) Waste paper or paperboard pulping machines.
(5) Openers or dusters for esparto grass and similar materials.
(6) Bamboo crushers and special straw cutters for the paper-making
industry.
(7) Wood chip cutting machines and vibrating graders for grading the
wood chips.
(8) Log grinding machines.
(9) " Masonite " defibrators in which wood chips are reduced to fibres by
subjection to high pressure followed by a sudden reduction of the pressure.
(B) Strainers. In these the dilute pulp passes through screens leaving behind any
fibres insufficiently ground and any knots lumps dirt etc. Those operated by
centrifugal action however are excluded (heading 84.21).
(C) Wet lappers (presse-pƒte machines). In these the pulpy mass of wood fibres whether from the mechanical grinders or from the chemical digesters is concentrated and formed into sheets.
(D) Machines for beating the fibres with water to form a pulpy mass. These include straw and other pulpers; edge runners (Koller-gangs); hollander beaters; potchers; hammer mills etc. They consist of vats in which the fibres circulating in water are ground or beaten into a pulp.
(E) Refiners. These usually comprise a cone shaped case with internal revolving bars which break up any large fibres or lumps and allow the stock that is already sufficiently beaten to pass straight through.
(F) Crushers and grinders which treat previously prepared paper pulp with a view to producing a cellulosic pulp specially constituted for a particular application (for example preparation of nitrocellulose).
(II) MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER OR PAPERBOARD
This group includes :
(A) Machines for forming the pulp into continuous sheets of paper or
paperboard (e.g. Fourdrinier machines). These are very complex machines. They consist of regulators for feeding the pulp to the breast box a slice at the output end of the breast box for distributing the pulp on to the wire an endless band of fine wire cloth (usually an alloy of copper tin etc.) or woven fabric of synthetic monofilaments supported on tube rolls shake mechanism suction boxes dandy rolls for watermarking couch rolls for partly drying and consolidating the paper press rolls between which the paper is pressed against an endless band of felt drying rolls etc. and usually also calender rolls and cutting and reeling devices etc.
(B) Board machines (normally used for the manufacture of paperboard) and mould machines. These are similar in principle to those at (A) but instead of the pulp flowing out on to an endless band of wire cloth it is picked up from a vat on a revolving cylinder of wire cloth from which it is transferred to a felt band and then on to press rolls (sometimes of the suction type) and finally to a series of drying cylinders. The paper or paperboard is produced either in the form of continuous strip or in sheets. In certain of these machines sheets of paperboard are formed by the layer of pulp winding round and round a cylinder. When a sufficient
thickness is built up it is cut off in the form of sheets either by hand or
mechanically along the length of the cylinder. Machines of this type are also used
for the manufacture of asbestos or asbestos-cement boards.
(C) Machines for the manufacture of multi-layered paper or paperboard.
These machines consist of several superimposed devices for forming pulp into
sheets or of a battery of board machines or of machines combining these two
types. The different layers of pulp produced simultaneously are joined in the
machine in a humid state without a binder.
(D) Small machinery for making paper samples intended for testing. These
machines are sometimes called " sample drawing machines " for controlling
manufacture.
(III) MACHINERY FOR FINISHING PAPER OR PAPERBOARD
This group includes :
(A) Reeling machines. Some of these at the same time stretch and smooth the
paper and discharge any static electricity.
(B) Machines (other than calenders) for applying various kinds of surface
coatings size gum varnish enamel metal powder wax etc.; for coating
carbon papers or photographic papers; for coating paper with textile dust cork or
mica powder etc. for wallpapers.
(C) Machines for impregnating paper or paperboard with oil plastics etc. and
machines for making bituminised or tarred roofing papers.
(D) Flint glazing or hammer glazing machines.
(E) Ruling machines working by means of small discs or steel pens fed from an ink
bath but not printing machines of heading 84.43.
(F) Crˆping machines. These normally consist of a metal scraper or doctor which
pushes the paper against a heated cylinder.
(G) Machines for humidifying paper (also called " paper conditioners ") in which
the entire surface of the paper or paperboard is exposed to humid air.
(H) Machines for graining and embossing (however calenders used for the
same purpose fall in heading 84.20).
(IJ) Corrugating machines often combined with a laminating device.
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Certain paper-finishing machines (e.g. for coating laminating or reeling) may also be
suitable for use in the working of metal foil plastic sheets woven fabric etc. but they
remain in this heading provided they are of a type mainly used for paper or
paperboard.
Composite machines of this heading sometimes incorporate certain machines falling
in other headings of the Chapter (e.g. filters for recovery of fibres and loading material
from waste waters (heading 84.21) calenders of all kinds (for smoothing glazing embossing etc.) (heading 84.20) paper cutting machines (heading 84.41)). Provided
they are presented together such component machines are classified with the
composite machines in this heading but if presented separately they are classified in
their respective headings.
The heading also excludes :
(a)Boilers for rags esparto grass straw etc.; boilers (digesters) for the preparation of chemical wood pulp;
steam heated cylinder and other drying machines (heading 84.19).
(b)Water-jet bark strippers (heading 84.24) and wood de-barking machinery (heading 84.65 or 84.79).
(c)Printing machines (heading 84.43).
(d)Rag pickers pulling or garnetting machines (heading 84.45).
(e)Machines for the manufacture of vulcanised fibre (heading 84.77).
(f)Machines for coating abrasives on to paper cloth wood etc. (heading 84.79).
PARTS
Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the
General Explanatory Note to Section XVI) parts of the machinery of this heading are
also classified here e.g. :
Toothed cylinders for esparto grass openers; backfalls; bedplates and beater bars for
beaters; couch rolls; suction boxes; wire mesh cylinders for mould machines; dandy
rolls.
The following are not however regarded as parts of this heading :
(a)Felt roller covers (and also endless belts of textile material whether or not felted) of heading 59.11 or
(b)Edge-runner stones grinding stones bedplates and backfalls and other parts of basalt lava or natural stone
(c)Unmounted agates for glazing machines (heading 71.03).
(d)Endless belts of woven copper or bronze wire (e.g. Fourdrinier wire) (heading 74.14).
(e)Machine knives and cutting blades (heading 82.08).
(f)Calender rolls (heading 84.20).
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